Natural Circulation Solar water heater :
Natural Circulation Solar water heaters are very popular devices for domestic heating of water.
They are very simple in design. They have two main section.
One is flat plate heat collecting section which collect the solar energy. Another is storage tank which stores the heated water.
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Solar water heater |
The flat plate Collector is made of glass cover, absorber plate, tubes and insulation materials. Black painted absorber plate absorbs the heat Energy and transfers it to the number of water tubes placed closely in contact with it. Insulating materials such as glass wool, thermocol or card board are provided below the absorber plate so that there is no loss of heat from the back side.
The Glass cover is made up of 4 mm to 10 mm glass plate. Thick transparent plastic such as acrylic or ABS plastic can also be used. This cover permits the solar radiation to enter the fall on the tubes through which water is circulated but does not allow the heat Energy go back to the atmosphere as it is bad conductor of heat.
There is a natural Circulation of water inside the solar heater. Heated water flows through the tubes to the storage tank and cold water comes to distributor tubes for receiving the heat.
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Solar water heater |
Forced Circulation Solar water Heaters:
Larger capacity solar heater which is used in hospital, Industries or hotels employs Forced Circulation water.
Over and above flate Collector and water tank, additional circulating pump with control system is also incorporated in the system.
A control unit is also provided to operate the pump only when the temperature Different in the water level at bottom level and upper header pipe is higher.
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